Scenario-Aware Dataflow (SADF) [1][2][3][4] is a flavor of Dynamic Dataflow that arises from the application of Scenario-Based Design to capture dynamic variation in Timed Dataflow Models. While in traditional timed dataflow models, the same behavior is permanently repeated, SADF allows for (periodic and non-periodic) variations, for example in execution times of actors, but also in firing rates and graph topology [5]. An SADF graph distinguishes a finite set of such scenarios of behavior and defines in what orders they may occur in one or more (possibly inter-dependent) finite state automata. These automata are expressed as non-deterministic state machines, regular expressions or probabilistic/stochastic state machines (Markov chains), which determines the supported analysis capabilities [6].
Like regular timed dataflow graphs, SADF graphs need to be consistent, i.e., any produced token should eventually also be consumed. If individual scenarios are consistent, they can be freely combined to create consistent behavior. Such a graph is called strongly consistent. Weakly consistent SADF graphs follow a weaker constraint in which individual scenarios may be inconsistent, but the possible sequences of scenarios are such that the overall behaviors are always consistent [7].
Where max-plus-linear systems capture the timing and performance of timed dataflow graphs, SADF graphs with a single (non-deterministic) automaton (aka FSM-SADF) can be captured with switching max-plus-linear systems, where each scenario corresponds to a linear mode of operation. Analysis of for example throughput is in this case based on max-plus automata [8][9].
In case probabilistic information on the occurrence of scenarios (and/or execution times for any specific scenario) is provided, an SADF graph with a single or multiple (possibly inter-dependent) automata is amenable to both worst/best-case and average-case analysis by interpreting it as a Timed Probabilistic System [10]. Evaluation of throughput, latency and buffer occupancy properties are in this case based on efficiently transforming the Timed Probabilistic System into a discrete Markov chain [11][12].
Tools
SDF3 implements many of the published analysis methods for FSM-SADF and SADF.
References
- (2019): Dynamic Dataflow Graphs. In: Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S.; Deprettere, Ed F.; Leupers, Rainer; Takala, Jarmo (Ed.): Handbook of Signal Processing Systems, pp. 1173–1210, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019, ISBN: 978-3-319-91734-4.
- (2006): A scenario-aware data flow model for combined long-run average and worst-case performance analysis. In: MEMOCODE, pp. 185-194, 2006.
- (2008): Scenario-Aware Dataflow. Eindhoven University of Technology no. ESR-2008-8, 2008.
- (2011): Scenario-aware dataflow: Modeling, analysis and implementation of dynamic applications. In: 2011 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling and Simulation, pp. 404-411, 2011.
- (2008): Scenario-Aware Dataflow. Eindhoven University of Technology no. ESR-2008-8, 2008.
- (2019): Dynamic Dataflow Graphs. In: Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S.; Deprettere, Ed F.; Leupers, Rainer; Takala, Jarmo (Ed.): Handbook of Signal Processing Systems, pp. 1173–1210, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019, ISBN: 978-3-319-91734-4.
- (2017): Performance Analysis of Weakly-Consistent Scenario-Aware Dataflow Graphs. In: Journal of Signal Processing Systems, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 157–175, 2017, ISSN: 1939-8115.
- (2010): Worst-Case Performance Analysis of Synchronous Dataflow Scenarios. In: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, pp. 125–134, Association for Computing Machinery, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, 2010, ISBN: 9781605589053.
- (2012): Worst-case Throughput Analysis of Real-time Dynamic Streaming Applications. In: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, pp. 463–472, ACM, Tampere, Finland, 2012, ISBN: 978-1-4503-1426-8.
- (2011): Performance Model Checking Scenario-Aware Dataflow. In: Fahrenberg, Uli; Tripakis, Stavros (Ed.): Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, pp. 43–59, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, ISBN: 978-3-642-24310-3.
- (2011): Performance Model Checking Scenario-Aware Dataflow. In: Fahrenberg, Uli; Tripakis, Stavros (Ed.): Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, pp. 43–59, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, ISBN: 978-3-642-24310-3.
- (2004): Performance modelling for system-level design. Electrical Engineering, 2004, ISBN: 90-386-1633-3, (Proefschrift.).
Selected Related Publications
2020
Scenarios in Dataflow Modeling and Analysis Book Chapter
In: System-Scenario-based Design Principles and Applications, pp. 145–180, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2020, ISBN: 978-3-030-20343-6.
Scenarios in the Design of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Book Chapter
In: System-Scenario-based Design Principles and Applications, pp. 181–224, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2020.
2019
Dynamic Dataflow Graphs Book Chapter
In: Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S.; Deprettere, Ed F.; Leupers, Rainer; Takala, Jarmo (Ed.): Handbook of Signal Processing Systems, pp. 1173–1210, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019, ISBN: 978-3-319-91734-4.
2018
Compositionality in Scenario-aware Dataflow: A Rendezvous Perspective Proceedings Article
In: Proc. of LCTES'18, 2018.
2017
Parameterized Dataflow Scenarios Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 669-682, 2017, ISSN: 0278-0070.
Programming and analysing scenario-aware dataflow on a multi-processor platform Proceedings Article
In: Proc. Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE), 2017.
Performance Analysis of Weakly-Consistent Scenario-Aware Dataflow Graphs Journal Article
In: Journal of Signal Processing Systems, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 157–175, 2017, ISSN: 1939-8115.
2016
Worst-case Performance Analysis of Scenario-aware Real-time Streaming Applications PhD Thesis
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 2016.
Flexible support for time and costs in scenario-aware dataflow Proceedings Article
In: 2016 International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT), pp. 1-10, 2016.
Probabilistic Model Checking for Uncertain Scenario-Aware Data Flow Journal Article
In: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, vol. 28, 2016.
2015
A Scenario-Aware Dataflow Programming Model Proceedings Article
In: Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on, pp. 25-32, 2015.
Model checking of finite-state machine-based scenario-aware dataflow using timed automata Proceedings Article
In: 10th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES), pp. 1-10, 2015.
2014
Performance analysis of weakly-consistent scenario-aware dataflow graphs Proceedings Article
In: 2014 48th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 393-397, 2014.
2013
Throughput-constrained DVFS for scenario-aware dataflow graphs Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE 19th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), pp. 175-184, 2013, ISSN: 1080-1812.
Automated extraction of scenario sequences from disciplined dataflow networks Proceedings Article
In: 2013 Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE 2013), pp. 47-56, IEEE Computer Society, USA, 2013.
2012
Parametric throughput analysis of scenario-aware dataflow graphs Proceedings Article
In: 2012 IEEE 30th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD), pp. 219-226, 2012, ISSN: 1063-6404.
Model checking of Scenario-Aware Dataflow with CADP Proceedings Article
In: 2012 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 653-658, 2012.
Playing games with scenario- and resource-aware SDF graphs through policy iteration Proceedings Article
In: 2012 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 194-199, 2012.
Predictable dynamic embedded data processing Proceedings Article
In: 2012 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems (SAMOS), pp. 320-327, 2012.
2011
Analyzing synchronous dataflow scenarios for dynamic software-defined radio applications Proceedings Article
In: 2011 International Symposium on System on Chip (SoC), pp. 14-21, 2011.
Performance Model Checking Scenario-Aware Dataflow Proceedings Article
In: Fahrenberg, Uli; Tripakis, Stavros (Ed.): Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, pp. 43–59, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, ISBN: 978-3-642-24310-3.
Scenario-aware dataflow: Modeling, analysis and implementation of dynamic applications Proceedings Article
In: 2011 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling and Simulation, pp. 404-411, 2011.
2010
A Predictable Multiprocessor Design Flow for Streaming Applications with Dynamic Behaviour Proceedings Article
In: 2010 13th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools, pp. 548-555, 2010.
Worst-Case Performance Analysis of Synchronous Dataflow Scenarios Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, pp. 125–134, Association for Computing Machinery, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, 2010, ISBN: 9781605589053.
2007
A Performance Analysis Tool for Scenario-Aware Streaming Applications Proceedings Article
In: Fourth International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST 2007), pp. 269-270, 2007.
2006
A scenario-aware data flow model for combined long-run average and worst-case performance analysis Proceedings Article
In: MEMOCODE, pp. 185-194, 2006.