The QRML Language

[kar–uh–muh l] a kind of chewy candy, commonly in small blocks, made from sugar, butter, milk, etc.

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Video About QRML

Introduction

Quality and Resource Management are common activities in many embedded and cyber-physical systems. We have developed QRM models to support and automate QRM activities, off-line and on-line.

The Quality and Resource Management Language (QRML, ^[1]) is developed as a means to create QRM models. It is a DSL, using Xtext, that supports the QRM Component Interface model of ^[2].

It was developed in the context of a project, FitOptiVis, about design and management of image processing pipelines within cps ^[3], but it can be used in very diverse contexts, we believe.

Constraint Generation

A QRML model describes a set of components, their various interface, relations between components and constraints on the different kinds of values. As such, a QRML can be interpreted as a set of constraints on the variables of the components. A constraint solver can help identify of the model, the set of constraints, has any feasible solutions at all, identify optimal solutions for a given objective, or identify Pareto optimal solutions with respect to multiple objectives.

We have implemented a translation from a QRML model to a constraint program in SMT-Lib 2 and connected it to the open source Z3 constraint solver in the qrml.org web site.

Tools

• Some of the tools are offered via the qrml.org web page.
• The Xtext DSL tools, are not yet released in open source

Example

budget ImageCapturing boolean ordered by = 

typedef Quality enumeration {low, medium, high} ordered by low < medium, medium < high

budget FaceIdentification {
	latency : Latency
	qual : Quality
}

component LocalComputePlatform {
	provides FaceIdentification faceId { qual = medium & latency = 50 }
	provides DatabaseAccess dbAcc { latency = 50 }
}

Acknowledgements

This work has received funding from the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership (ECSEL) Joint Undertaking under grant agreements no 783162 (FitOpTiVis) and 101007260 (TRANSACT)

References

1. Freek Berg and Václav Čamra and Martijn Hendriks and Marc Geilen and Petr Hnetynka and Fernando Manteca and Pablo Sánchez and Tomáš Bureš and Twan Basten (2020): QRML: A Component Language and Toolset for Quality and Resource Management. In: 2020 Forum for Specification and Design Languages (FDL), pp. 1-8, 2020.
2. Martijn Hendriks and Marc Geilen and Kees Goossens and Rob Jong and Twan Basten (2021): Interface Modeling for Quality and Resource Management. In: Logical Methods in Computer Science, vol. Volume 17, Issue 2, 2021.
3. C. Sau and C. Rinaldi and L. Pomante and F. Palumbo and G. Valente and T. Fanni and M. Martinez and F. Linden and T. Basten and M. Geilen and G. Peeren and J. Kadlec and P. Jääskeläinen and L. Bulej and F. Barranco and J. Saarinen and T. Säntti and M. K. Zedda and V. Sanchez and S. Tabatabaei Nikkhah and D. Goswami and G. Amat and L. Maršík and M. Helvoort and L. Medina and Z. Al-Ars and A. Beer (2021): Design and management of image processing pipelines within CPS: Acquired experience towards the end of the FitOptiVis ECSEL Project. In: Microprocessors and Microsystems, vol. 87, pp. 104350, 2021, ISSN: 0141-9331.

Selected Related Publications

@article{HGGJB21,

title = {Interface Modeling for Quality and Resource Management},

author = {Martijn Hendriks and Marc Geilen and Kees Goossens and Rob Jong and Twan Basten},

url = {https://lmcs.episciences.org/7513},

doi = {10.23638/LMCS-17(2:19)2021},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-01},

urldate = {2021-05-01},

journal = {Logical Methods in Computer Science},

volume = {Volume 17, Issue 2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inproceedings{NGGea21,

title = {A Deployment Framework for Quality-Sensitive Applications in Resource-Constrained Dynamic Environments},

author = {Shayan Tabatabaei Nikkhah and Marc Geilen and Dip Goswami and Martijn Koedam and Andrew Nelson and Kees Goossens},

doi = {10.1109/DSD53832.2021.00042},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

booktitle = {2021 24th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)},

pages = {212-220},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{NGGG20,

title = {A Performance Analysis Framework for Real-Time Systems Sharing Multiple Resources},

author = {Shayan Tabatabaei Nikkhah and Marc Geilen and Dip Goswami and Kees Goossens},

doi = {10.23919/DATE48585.2020.9116514},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

booktitle = {2020 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)},

pages = {326-329},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{BCHea20,

title = {QRML: A Component Language and Toolset for Quality and Resource Management},

author = {Freek Berg and Václav Čamra and Martijn Hendriks and Marc Geilen and Petr Hnetynka and Fernando Manteca and Pablo Sánchez and Tomáš Bureš and Twan Basten},

doi = {10.1109/FDL50818.2020.9232936},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

booktitle = {2020 Forum for Specification and Design Languages (FDL)},

pages = {1-8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@article{Goossens2013-sigbed,

title = {Virtual Execution Platforms for Mixed-time-criticality Systems: The CompSOC Architecture and Design Flow},

author = {Kees Goossens and Arnaldo Azevedo and Karthik Chandrasekar and Manil Dev Gomony and Sven Goossens and Martijn Koedam and Yonghui Li and Davit Mirzoyan and Anca Molnos and Ashkan Beyranvand Nejad and Andrew Nelson and Shubhendu Sinha},

url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2544350.2544353},

doi = {10.1145/2544350.2544353},

issn = {1551-3688},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-01},

urldate = {2013-10-01},

journal = {SIGBED Rev.},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

pages = {23–34},

publisher = {ACM},

address = {New York, NY, USA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inproceedings{GB07,

title = {A Calculator for Pareto Points},

author = {Marc Geilen and Twan Basten},

doi = {10.1109/DATE.2007.364605},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

urldate = {2007-01-01},

booktitle = {2007 Design, Automation Test in Europe Conference Exhibition},

pages = {1-6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@article{GBTO07,

title = {An Algebra of Pareto Points},

author = {Marc Geilen and Twan Basten and Bart Theelen and Ralph Otten},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2366476.2366479},

issn = {0169-2968},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

urldate = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Fundam. Inf.},

volume = {78},

number = {1},

pages = {35–74},

publisher = {IOS Press},

address = {NLD},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}